منابع مشابه
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.
At the beginning of 2003, the Journal of Health Economics published a paper of great importance in public policy by DiMasi, Hansen, and Grabowski (referred to hereafter as “DHG 2003”). The paper is based primarily on confidential, proprietary data supplied by pharmaceutical companies to the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, a research center that receives significant unrestricted ...
متن کاملExtraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence
We thank Light and Warburton (2005) [hereafter LW] for providing a context for us to further discuss and clarify our studies on the cost of new drug development (DiMasi et al., 2003 [hereafter DHG]; DiMasi et al., 1991b [hereafter DHGL]; Hansen, 1979). We disagree, however, with their analyses, comparators, and conclusions. Although LW suggest, through the invocation of selected reported cost f...
متن کاملAn overnight chill induces a delayed inhibition of photosynthesis at midday in mango (Mangifera indica L.).
The effect of a cold night on photosynthesis in herbaceous chilling-sensitive crops, like tomato, has been extensively studied and is well characterized. This investigation examined the behaviour of the sub-tropical fruit tree, mango, to enable comparison with these well-studied systems. Unlike tomato, chilling between 5 degrees C and 7 degrees C overnight produced no significant inhibition of ...
متن کاملMidday reversal of equatorial ionospheric electric ®eld
A comparative study of the geomagnetic and ionospheric data at equatorial and low-latitude stations in India over the 20 year period 1956±1975 is described. The reversal of the electric ®eld in the ionosphere over the magnetic equator during the midday hours indicated by the disappearance of the equatorial sporadic E region echoes on the ionograms is a rare phenomenon occurring on about 1% of t...
متن کاملDarkness at the end of the tunnel: poststenotic kidney injury.
Renal artery stenosis remains an important contributor to renal failure in the elderly population, but uncertainty continues to surround the mechanisms underlying progressive renal dysfunction. Here, we present the current understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for renal injury in these patients, with emphasis on those involved in disease progression.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1884
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/030006b0